Pages

Installing Debian wheezy from USB over serial console


I wanted to install Debian wheezy on a machine without a video card and no CDROM. I had a 1GB USB and I tried initially the easy way, as described in https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch04s03.html.en#usb-copy-isohybrid by just copying the cd image to my /dev/sda (USB stick) but I did not got any output on the console. I copied the iso file to another linux machine, mounted it as a loop device, made modifications in the isolinux.cfg file to redirect everything on the console, by adding the kernel parameters to look like below and then recreated the iso file but that still did not output anything on the serial console.

 isolinux.cfg
serial 0 9600
default install
prompt 0
timeout 100
label install
  kernel install.amd/vmlinuz
  append console=ttyS0,9600n8 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz --quiet
So I gave this up quite easy, and I took another approach. What I did next I followed the flexible way, as described in the debian documentation, but with some changes: 1/ I set up 2 partitions on the USB disk (/dev/sda in this example), both FAT16 (e code in fdisk), both 500MB and set the bootable flag on /dev/sda1 2/ pretty much followed the documentation and setup fat16 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2:
mkdosfs /dev/sda1
mkdosfs /dev/sda2
3/ I installed the MBR on /dev/sda
install-mbr /dev/sda
4/ Installed the syslinux bootloader on /dev/sda1
syslinux /dev/sda1
5/ Copy the kernel and the initial ram image on /dev/sda1. This is done by mounting /dev/sda1 on let's say /mnt and the copying from the netinst cd vmlinuz and initrd.gz from the folder install.amd/ to /mnt (where I have /dev/sda1 mounted). Then I have created the syslinux.cfg file on /mnt according to the documentation and added the entries:

How to identify top traffic speakers with wireshark conversations

Among other very useful and interesting things that wireshark can show in a packet capture, it can also display the top traffic conversations based on various criteria such as IP addresses, L2 ethernet addresses, IPv6 address or L4 information.

The conversation list is available from the Statistics -> Conversations menu.


Below an example taken showing the top bps rate (B->A direction) for the TCP protocol, where A and B are the endpoints identified by IP and TCP port number 

ssh keepalives and tcp keepalives in openssh

The SSH connection can be kept alive either with SSH keepalive packets (encrypted) or with TCP keepalive packets. This allows also to detect hanging sessions and disconnect the hanging client/server when a connection has become inactive.

On a open SSH server, to control the SSH keepalive packets the parameters are:
ClientAliveCountMax 3 (default)
ClientAliveInterval 0 (default) - means the SSH keepalive packets will not be sent by the server